Evaluation of a bone substitute covered with a collagen membrane for ridge preservation after tooth extraction. Clinical and tomographic randomized controlled study in humans

Abstract Objective To evaluate the use of a synthetic bone substitute covered with a collagen membrane for ridge preservation after tooth extraction, by clinical and tomographic analysis. Material and Methods Fifteen patients, presenting at least two maxillary anterior teeth indicated for extraction, were selected: in the test group ( TG ), post‐extraction sockets were filled by a synthetic bone substitute; in the control group ( CG ), by blood clot. In both groups, the sockets were covered by a collagen membrane. Cone‐beam computerized tomography ( CBCT ) scans were acquired immediately after and 6 months post‐surgically, and horizontal and vertical dimensional bone changes were quantified. Results Transurgical clinical analysis presented no statistically significant differences between TG and CG ( p > .05). CBCT intragroup evaluation presented statistically significant reduction for the buccal alveolar measurement ( TG = 1.58 mm or 21.82%, and CG = 1.66 mm or 24.08%) and horizontal cervical measurement ( TG = 0.55 mm or 8.30% and CG = 1.30 mm or 17.68%), and not significant for palatal alveolar measurement ( TG = 0.44 mm or 3.42% and CG = 0.26 mm or 3.89%). For alveolar height and horizontal apical measurements, this decrease was significant only for the CG , with reductions of 1.03 mm and 0.50 mm, respectively, compared to a decrease of 0.57 mm and 0.19 mm for the TG . The intergroup analysis showed significant difference for cervical horizontal measurement after 6 months ( p < .05). Conclusion The results showed that the use of the bone substitute covered with a collagen membrane resulted in less changes in vertical and horizontal alveolar ridge dimensions than the collagen membrane alone.