Progress and prospect of lake fishery in China

作为一种传统产业，渔业在我国经济社会发展中具有不可缺失的重要地位.而渔业作为湖泊最重要的功能之一，其资源变动是湖泊生态系统演变的重要影响因子，同时湖泊渔业资源的变动和退化也是对环境变化最直接的响应.自1980s以来，随着湖泊水环境的改变，湖泊渔业资源衰退趋势明显，中上层浮游生物食性鱼类在鱼类群落中占优势，鱼类资源小型化、低龄化现象严重.本文以湖泊渔业发展的历程为切入口，系统阐述人类活动及湖泊环境变化对渔业资源及生态系统的影响，厘清现阶段湖泊水环境管理、湖泊生态系统修复、湖泊渔业可持续发展等关系，展望我国湖泊渔业的发展前景及新型模式.;As a traditional industry, fishery plays an important role in the economic and social development of our country. The fishery is one of the most important functions of lakes, fishery resources change is an important factor affecting the evolution of lake ecosystem. Meanwhile, the change and degradation of lake fishery resources are the most direct response to environmental changes. But since 1980s, with the change of water quality and environment, lake fishery resources declined obviously, pelagic and planktivorous fish predominated in the fish community, showing a smaller size and lower aging tendency. Based on the history of lake fishery development, we expounded the influence of human activities and lake environment change on fishery resources and ecological system profoundly, clarified the relationships among water environment management, lake ecosystem restoration and sustainable development of lake fishery, and finally provided an outlook of the future of lake fishery.