膜
微型多孔材料
材料科学
海水淡化
纳米技术
化学工程
气体分离
选择性
制作
纳米
微晶
多孔性
吸附
金属有机骨架
有机化学
化学
复合材料
催化作用
病理
医学
冶金
生物化学
替代医学
工程类
作者
Jue Hou,Huacheng Zhang,George P. Simon,Huanting Wang
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.201902009
摘要
Abstract Advanced porous framework membranes with excellent selectivity and high permeability of small molecules and ions are highly desirable for many important industrial separation applications. There has been significant progress in the fabrication of polycrystalline microporous framework membranes (PMFMs) in recent years, such as metal–organic framework and covalent organic framework membranes. These membranes possess small pore sizes, which are comparable to the kinetic diameter of small molecules and ions on the angstrom scale, very low thickness, down to tens to hundreds of nanometers, highly oriented crystalline structures, hybrid membrane structures, and specific functional groups for enhancing membrane selectivity and permeability. Recent advances in the fabrication methods of advanced PMFMs are summarized. Following this, four emerging separation applications of these advanced microporous framework membranes, including gas separation, water desalination, ion separation, and chiral separation, are highlighted and discussed in detail. Finally, a summary and some perspectives of future developments and challenges in this exciting research field are presented.
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