ROS-sensitive liposomal co-delivery of photosensitizer, factor Xa inhibitor, and PD-L1 blockade enhances photodynamic immunotherapy

This study presents a strategy to amplify PDT-elicited immunotherapeutic efficacy by synergizing agents targeting distinct stages of the immune response. It also theoretically validates the synergy of PDT, anticoagulation therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer treatment.