Matryoshka Huygens Metasurface for Multimode Vortex Beam Generation with Customized Power Distribution

Abstract Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are pivotal for 6G communications due to their exceptional capacity for high‐density information transfer. While mode‐space multiplexing with customized power profiles offers enhanced channel diversity and system adaptability, conventional linearly polarized (LP) devices face fundamental limitations in managing complex OAM configurations. This work presents a metasurface‐based approach for generating LP OAM beams with customized power distributions and radiation patterns. The design begins with the development of a Huygens metasurface (HMS) that achieves a transmittance exceeding 80% and a phase modulation covering a full 360°. Through systematic phase gradient optimization, a concentric Matryoshka‐type phase distribution is implemented via 12‐element supercells with 30° steps. The resulting HMS array enables multidimensional customization, simultaneously producing multimode OAM beams with predefined power allocation and radiation patterns. Comprehensive OAM spectral purity analysis reveals that the design achieves >85% purity for multimode OAM beams and >70% purity for spatially multimode OAM beams. Both simulations and experiments validate that this design preserves intrinsic OAM properties while offering flexible power‐weighting capabilities through structural parameter adjustments. This HMS‐enabled OAM manipulation mechanism opens new frontiers for developing advanced multiplexed communication systems in next‐generation wireless networks.