Unlocking Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries Through Electronic Tuning and Structural Disordering in Oxygen‐Incorporated MoS 2

Abstract The room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) battery system holds considerable promise for high‐energy‐density storage, yet it persists in encountering critical challenges, including polysulfide dissolution, sluggish sulfur redox reactions (SRR), and constrained Na + transport. The rational design of electrocatalysts with optimized adsorption and powerful catalytic activity represents a key strategy to overcome these limitations. Herein, a synergistic catalyst design strategy is presented through the tuning of electronic properties and structural disorder based on oxygen‐incorporated MoS 2 nanosheets. The controllable oxygen incorporation enhances the intrinsic conductivity of MoS 2 and optimizes its adsorption–catalysis performance toward polysulfides. Simultaneously, the moderate structural disorder introduces abundant non‐metallic active sites for sulfur conversion without disrupting interdomain electron transport, thereby accelerating reaction kinetics. As a result, this electronically–structured dual‐optimized electrocatalyst with highly active and stable catalytic sites lowers the energy barrier of SRR and enhances both ion and electron transfer. Encouragingly, representative MoS 1.56 O 0.44 nanosheets, employed as a functional modification layer on the polypropylene separator, exhibit an outstanding rate capability of 560 mAh g −1 at 3 C and exceptional cycling stability in RT Na–S batteries, with a high retained capacity of 447 mAh g −1 over 1000 cycles at 1 C.