Nano-Formulations of Herbal Agents to Ameliorate the Chemical-induced Hepatotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: Herbal nanoformulations have emerged as a promising approach for managing hepatotoxicity by enhancing the bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of plant-derived compounds. Traditional herbal medicines possess hepatoprotective properties due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying effects. However, poor solubility, rapid metabolism, and low systemic absorption limit their clinical potential. Nanoformulations, including liposomes, phytosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles, overcome these challenges by improving drug delivery, targeted release, and sustained therapeutic action. Various plant extracts, such as Curcuma longa, Silybum marianum, and Andrographis paniculata, have demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects when delivered through nano-based systems. in-vivo studies indicate enhanced liver enzyme regulation, reduced oxidative stress, and improved histopathological recovery in drug-induced hepatotoxic models. Nanocarrier systems facilitate cellular uptake and protect bioactive compounds from degradation, thereby maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing toxicity. This innovative approach not only offers an alternative to conventional hepatoprotective agents but also provides a platform for the development of efficient herbal therapeutics. Further research is needed to establish safety, optimize formulations, and conduct clinical trials to validate their efficacy in humans. Herbal nanoformulations hold great potential as a novel strategy for preventing and treating hepatotoxicity.