Evaluating techno-economic viability and performance of a renewable energy hybrid microgrid for electrifying remote communities in Bangladesh

This study examines the techno-economic viability of a hybrid renewable energy microgrid for rural electrification in Bangladesh using hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources Pro software. Nine system configurations, including solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines (WTs), biogas generators (BioGen), battery energy storage system (BESS), and grid connections, were compared to determine the most suitable energy solution. Among the configurations examined, Case I (PV–WT–BioGen–BESS–Grid–Converter) was identified as the optimum configuration, with the lowest cost of energy of $0.0256/kW h, a net present cost of $672 086.5, and operating cost of $29 310.9. The hybrid system greatly minimizes environmental impacts, reducing carbon dioxide emissions to 134 590 kg per annum, compared to the baseline case of 560 491 kg per annum. The system provides a high renewable fraction of 89.04%, thereby attaining energy sustainability and lowering dependence on traditional fossil fuels. Although the initial capital investment amounts to $671 691.6, long-term economic gains compensate for the upfront cost owing to lower operating costs and enhanced reliability. Sensitivity analysis revealed that solar irradiance, wind speed, and grid failure frequency significantly impact system costs and performance, confirming the importance of resource availability and grid stability in hybrid microgrid planning. The system improves energy efficiency by aligning generation with consumption, reducing grid dependence. Results highlight the potential of hybrid renewable microgrids in providing low-carbon, reliable electricity to underserved communities, offering key insights for policymakers and engineers in designing cost-effective, adaptable solutions.