Deep Learning in Tongue Diagnosis for Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, deep learning has become an important tool in medical image analysis. Tongue image analysis is a crucial component of the objectification of tongue diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). However, traditional tongue diagnosis methods primarily rely on the experience and judgment of practitioners and can be easily influenced by external environmental factors. Therefore, the objectification and standardization of TCM tongue diagnosis has become an inevitable trend in its development. This paper systematically reviews recent research on tongue image analysis based on deep learning, discussing its achievements in tongue image processing and classification, as well as disease diagnosis. It also explores existing issues and future development directions, aiming to provide theoretical references to promote the intelligent advancement of TCM tongue diagnosis.