Advanced energy harvesting from low-frequency ocean waves for lithium-ion battery applications

A universal energy storage strategy is designed for TENGs in real marine environments, where I RMS reached 0.86 ± 0.02 A m −2 Hz −1 , enabling the direct charging of 30 and 40 mA h lithium batteries in 2.33 ± 0.05 and 3.73 ± 0.14 h, respectively.