Determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in three samples of shrimp waste ( Parapenaeus longirostris ) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled photo-diode array and mass spectrometry detection

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry detection in three samples of shrimp waste. The analyses revealed twenty-one astaxanthin derivatives, including astaxanthin in free form, across all three extracts with the highest number of derivatives observed in the head extract. The shell extract had a lower content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms, with monoesterified astaxanthins being the major components, with contents ranging from 0.5–1 mg g−1. On the other hand, in both global waste and head extracts, astaxanthin diesters were found to be the dominant bioactive compounds, with contents ranging from 0.7–5.2 mg g−1 and 10.2–18.2 mg g−1, respectively. Notably, the astaxanthin content extracted from head was significantly higher compared to other extracts, indicating its potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds.Keywords: Parapenaeus longirostrisshrimpastaxanthinastanxantin estersLC-(APCI)MS AcknowledgmentsThe authors are thankful to Shimadzu and Merck Life Science for the continuous support.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.