Characterizations and bioactivities of novel biocomposites based on modified fish collagen, ginsenoside Rb1, and Camellia chrysantha polyphenols

Abstract Collagen derived from freshwater fish scales is a potential material for hemostatic and wound healing. 3D printing method is an environmentally friendly technique to geometrically‐controlled samples and is widely applied to prepare collagen‐based materials. This work aims to compare the advantages of preparation methods for hemostatic materials based on collagen, in which, the traditional method, solution will be compared with the modern method, 3D printing. Collagen in gel form was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde and was first time modified with ginsenoside Rb1 and Camellia chrysantha polyphenols. The characteristics of biomaterial samples, including functional groups, morphology, and element composition of samples have been assessed using infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive x‐ray, field emission scanning electron microscopy. The swelling degree and hemostatic ability of biomaterial samples prepared according to two methods would be tested. The antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory tests, and in vivo test on mice were carried out on these biomaterials. The findings confirmed that the 3D printing method with direct ink writing technique is more suitable for the preparation of hemostatic collagen‐based membrane than the solution method. The time to hemostasis when using collagen‐based membrane was found to be 104.0 ± 16.7 s. Moreover, the collagen‐based biomaterials also have anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activity. This opens potential applications of the biomaterials from fish scale collagen in practice.