Defects engineering of layered double hydroxide-based electrocatalyst for water splitting

Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials are considered as promising electrocatalysts for water splitting due to the advantages of unique layered structure, flexible tunability, high specific surface area and distinct electron distribution. However, the low conductivity and limited active sites hinder the industrial applications of LDH-based electrocatalysts. On the other hand, defect engineering is an effective strategy to tune the local surface microstructure and electronic structure, which can efficiently address the drawbacks of LDH. Unfortunately, a comprehensive overview of defect engineering in LDH-based materials is still rarely reported. Herein, this paper reviews the research progress of LDH with various types of defects and its regulation strategies in recent years. Furthermore, the relationship between the catalytic activity, stability, morphology, structure, composition, and defect types of LDH are systematically discussed, aiming to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of defect-mediated LDH. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities for defect design in LDH are emphasized to shed light on the future applications.