A MACBETH-based method for urban resilience evaluation

Urban resilience reflects the ability of cities to resist, absorb, adapt and recover from danger in a timely and efficient manner, which is critical to the normal operations of cities and the daily lives of citizens. An increasing number of cities have included resilience in their city planning. Thus, conducting the resilience evaluation is necessary for urban resilience improvement and enhancement. This paper proposed a MACBETH-based method for urban resilience evaluation, in which a multi-dimensional evaluation system including four dimensions and sixteen criteria is established, and the main procedure was presented to determine the overall and dimensional resilience indices. The proposed method was applied to evaluate Beijing's urban resilience. The results shown that Beijing's resilience improved from 2016 to 2020, despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.