Collapsing glomerulopathy as a rare cause of rapidly progressive renal failure in adolescence: two case reports

Case 1A 17-year-old male was referred to our institution in January 2016 due to elevated serum creatinine level of 1.85 mg/dL and nephrotic proteinuria level of 6839 mg/day.He had a history of epilepsy and had used various antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital, valproic acid, and carbamazepine) from the ages 3 to 14 years.Physical examination revealed lower extremity oedema and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg.Laboratory tests on admission showed a blood urea nitrogen level of 24 mg/dL, serum creatinine level of 1.68 mg/dL and a serum albumin level of 2.7 g/dL.Urine microscopy revealed three red blood cells per high-power field.A 24-hour urine collection revealed massive proteinuria level of 10.957 mg/day (296 mg/m 2 /h).Serum complement levels were normal and autoimmune tests (antinuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, anti-glomerular basal membrane antibodies, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) were