A Systematic Review of Technology Integration in Developing L2 Pragmatic Competence

A growing body of research has explored how technology can enhance the development of pragmatic competence in a second language (L2). This systematic review synthesizes 37 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2024, focusing on various technological applications such as computer-mediated communication (CMC), interactive automated dialogues, virtual environments, and digital games. The analysis highlights that these tools promote pragmatic development by providing authentic or semi-authentic interaction, contextualized learning, and personalized practices. Meanwhile, the review also uncovers key challenges from both technological constraints and individual dimensions. Based on the findings, this review suggests several directions for future research. Further studies should adopt longitudinal, multimodal, and socially situated approaches, explore emerging generative AI technologies, and examine the interaction between individual learner differences and technological affordances to increase understanding of this evolving field.