Simple stokes polarimeter based on liquid crystal polarization grating

In this paper, a new method of full Stokes polarization imaging based on liquid crystal polarization grating is proposed. Firstly, the theory of polarization detection module based on quarter-wave plate liquid crystal polarization grating is deeply explored by using Stokes calculus and Jones matrix method. The relationship between incident deflection state and diffraction efficiency is deduced in detail; furthermore, the performance of polarization detection module is optimized. The Stokes polarimeter designed in this paper has the advantages of compact structure, high flexibility and convenience in practical application. Moreover, it can be installed in various optical systems for correlation detection. Compared with the traditional measuring device, the polarizer can directly obtain the image from the CCD camera, which simplifies the data processing process and improves the detection efficiency. This innovative design makes the Stokes Polarimeter a significant advantage in a variety of polarization detection scenarios, providing support for underwater imaging and detecting the polarization information of underwater materials. In addition, the performance of the Stokes polarimeter was evaluated and optimized in detail. Meanwhile, the stability and accuracy of the instrument under various working conditions were verified by the detection of incident light with different polarization states. The experimental results show that Stokes polarimeter has high detection efficiency in polarization detection. This technology finds extensive applications in optical experiments, scientific research, and engineering disciplines.