Wearable Sensing for Clinical Physiology Monitoring: Emerging Paradigms

Advances in wearable sensing technology are driving a new era of personalized health monitoring. In contrast to the hard, rigid form factors of conventional wearable sensors, these emerging skin-interfaced systems support high-quality physiological measurements across biophysical, biochemical, and kinematic signals of interest. These platforms enable continuous monitoring of complex physiological processes with unprecedented detail as a result of a seamless, conformal skin interface and advanced wireless communications capabilities. These platforms integrate flexible materials, miniaturized electronics, and wireless communication to provide detailed physiological data during daily activities. This review examines how skin-interfaced wearables are advancing patient care, remote monitoring, and large-scale health studies. We highlight critical barriers to clinical adoption including interpreting data, validating devices, and integration into health care systems. Key opportunities include sustainable manufacturing, point-of-care fabrication, and development of disease-specific digital biomarkers. By addressing these challenges through collaboration among engineers, clinicians, and data scientists, wearable sensors can expand patient access to advanced physiological monitoring and transform personalized medicine.