Différences culturelles et performance des firmes multinationales. La distance culturelle revisitée par le concept de proximité organisationnelle et professionnelle

This article revisits the concept of cultural distance. First, it integrates the contribution of an interpretative approach of national cultures. Second, it adopts a multiple level perspective. This paper especially addresses national, organizational, and occupational cultures, with a focus on their interactions. Finally, it integrates these elements in a theoretical model of the relationship between culture and MNE performance. These theoretical developments contribute to solve the cultural distance paradox.