Objective To investigate the occasion of surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis.Methods The clinical treatment and bio-chemical datas from 52 cases of ulcerative colitis were reviewed.The clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis in different stages were analysised.Results 52 cases of ulcerative colitis were transferred from medical department to surgical deparrnent.32 cases were treated with colectomy,20 cases were treated with conservativ way,among wliom 9 cases relapsed after remission,4 cases were treated by surgery.Conclusion The patients of ulcerative colitis with marked higher initial data of mucoid but lower alfxunin and ferrohemoglobin in blood serum,and those for wliom conservative treatment was inefficacy showld be Treated the Operation as soon as possible.