The new trade protectionism has been an important phenomenon in the international trade area since the late 20th century. Non-tariff trade barri ers replace tariff ones as a main approach of trade protection, which is a signi ficant change in the history of western trade protectionism. The emergence and e volution of new trade protectionism is directly or indirectly associated with tr ade liberalization. Particularly in the structure of WTO, the new trade protecti onism is becoming increasingly prominent so that it is regarded as the most inte resting modification for free trade by the traditional trade protectionism.