Graphene preparation and graphite exfoliation

The synthesis of Graphene is critical to achieving its functions in practical applications. Different methods have been used to synthesis graphene, but graphite exfoliation is considered the simplest way to produce graphene and graphene oxide. In general, controlling the synthesis conditions to achieving the optimum yield, keeping the pristine structure to realize on-demand properties, minimum layers with the smallest lateral size, and minimum oxygen content are the most obstacles experienced by researchers. Each application requires a specific graphene model, graphene oxides GO, or even graphene intercalated compounds (GIC) depending on synthesis conditions and approach. This paper reviewed and summarized the most researches in this field and focusing on exfoliation methods.