Design of Multichannel Multirate Signal Acquisition System Based on FPGA

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the fields of national defense, astronomy, industry, agriculture, and so on often require real-time acquisition of voltage, current, temperature, pressure, flow, and other signals, and the real-time requirements for signal acquisition are getting higher and higher. The traditional temperature acquisition method is to use the single chip or DSP as the control core to design the temperature monitoring system. However, this method has certain defects and cannot meet many high-demand signal acquisition occasions. On the one hand, most functions of this system are realized by software, and the operation of software will occupy part of the system sampling time, thus reducing the system sampling rate; on the other hand, the logic of the system to complex peripheral circuits cannot be well controlled. And Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has characteristics such as parallel processing, controllability, and processing speed; therefore, the signal acquisition system with FPGA as the control core can realize high-speed signal collection. This paper studies the signal acquisition based on FPGA. In the signal acquisition system, FPGA is the control core of the whole system, and the relevant function modules of the control system complete the signal acquisition task. The acquisition control module is mainly to control the channel selection switch and the A/D converter to work, that is, to generate the logic control signal of multichannel selection and the control sequence of A/D conversion, so as to complete the acquisition and control of the multichannel analog input signal. The FPGA-based signal acquisition control system has the characteristics of short development cycle, flexible design, low cost, and high reliability. FPGA is an ideal architecture for signal acquisition, and the FPGA-based signal acquisition technology has very broad application prospects.