As cultivar rice's progeny, Oryza rufipogon Griff. is a valuable wild germplasm. The genetic diversity of Oryza rufipogon Griff. was studied in 336 accessions of 17 chinese groups by SSR. The main results as followed: 60 specific polymorphic patterns were observed after analyzing all the accessions by 7 SSR primers, there are significant differences among the 17 groups as well as the accessions in one group, The results of UPGMA shows conservation of Oryza rufipogon Griff. is stated on natural conservation. SSR marker is a very valuable molecular marker in Oryza rufipogon Griff. (na is 1.4843, ne is 1.1746, h is 0.1150).