Paradigm Shift: Functional Dyspepsia—A “Leaky Gut” Disorder?

For up to 2 decades, pathophysiological research in functional dyspepsia focused on gastric sensorimotor dysfunction underlying symptom generation. Recent pathophysiological research has focused on low-grade inflammation in the duodenal mucosa. Emerging evidence confirms a loss of mucosal integrity in the duodenum in functional dyspepsia, and this is confirmed in a confocal laser endomicroscopy study demonstrating altered mucosal barrier function and pyroptosis. This technique may help to establish underlying mechanisms and evaluate novel therapeutic approaches to functional dyspepsia.