Ocular Permeation and Sustained Anti-inflammatory Activity of Dexamethasone from Kaolin Nanodispersion Hydrogel System

Purpose: Kaolin can adhere to the mucosa and protect it by absorbing toxins, bacteria, and viruses. Ocular delivery and anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone hydrogel system could be advantageous after kaolin incorporation.Methods: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films of dexamethasone have been prepared without and with kaolin by solvent casting method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized for evaluating thermal property, crystallinity, and morphology of the film preparations respectively. In vitro drug release and corneal permeation ex vivo were carried out in phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.4 (PBS) at 34 ± 0.5°C for 6 h. Anti inflammatory effect of the prepared film was evaluated using carrageenan induced rabbit eye.Results: Disappearance of melting endotherm in the DSC thermogram is the indication of almost complete amorphization of drug in all the films. High-intensity reflections with characteristic peaks of pure drug crystal have resulted extensively reduced ordering of the crystal lattice in the X-ray pattern of all the films. Photomicrographs revealed that the plate-shaped geometry of the drug crystal has almost been lost in absence and presence of the nano-kaolin particles in the films. Kaolin incorporation controlled the drug release up to 6 h. Ocular permeation was diffusion controlled and extended for 6 h or more without exhibiting significant “Burst effect”. Adsorption of drug onto the surface of nano-kaolin prolonged the permeation due to cation exchange and hydrogen bonding. Signs of inflammation of the carrageenan induced rabbit eye have been disappeared almost completely after 2 h of film application.Conclusions: Local controlled delivery sustained anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone has been achieved using kaolin incorporated HPMC film.