Chemical structures, bioactivities and molecular mechanisms of citrus polymethoxyflavones

Citrus polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and hydroxylated PMFs demonstrate potent bioactivities in regulating cytoactivity and organ function by modulating signaling cascade, gene transcription and protein activity. Studies have documented a wide variety of pharmacological activities of citrus PMFs in cell culture and animal models. In this review, we summarized the chemical structures of citrus PMFs, presented current knowledge of their physiological properties as well as various bioactivities, such as regulation of metabolic disorder, anti-inflammation, neuro-protection, anti-cancer, anti-microbial. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these activities by citrus PMFs were also discussed. Collectively, though further research is needed in mutual effect, safety and clinical trials, citrus PMFs still have great potential to develop as therapeutic agents or dietary supplements in future decades.