高磷血症
纺神星
细胞生物学
成纤维细胞生长因子23
细胞内
氧化应激
平衡
生物
细胞外
磷酸盐
化学
生物化学
钙
内分泌学
肾
有机化学
甲状旁腺激素
作者
Toshimi Michigami,Miwa Yamazaki,Mohammed S. Razzaque
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_3
摘要
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell membrane integrity, synthesis of nucleic acids, energy metabolism, intracellular signaling, and hard tissue mineralization. Therefore, the control of phosphorus balance is critical in all living organisms, and the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-αKlotho system is central to maintain phosphate homeostasis in mammals. Although phosphate is indispensable for basic cellular functions, its excessive retention is toxic and can affect almost all organ systems' functionality. In human patients, hyperphosphatemia has been implicated in an increase in morbidity and mortality. Also, mouse models with hyperphosphatemia generated by disruption of the FGF23-αKlotho system exhibit extensive tissue damage, premature aging, and a short lifespan. Experimental studies using cell and animal models suggest that cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of elevated phosphate are partly mediated by abnormal cell signaling and oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of our current understanding regarding the toxicity of phosphate.
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