(−)-3β-Substituted Ecgonine Methyl Esters as Inhibitors for Cocaine Binding and Dopamine Uptake

Ten 3 beta-ecgonine analogues were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The compounds were synthesized as (-)-stereoisomers from (-)-cocaine. These compounds were assessed for their ability to inhibit [3H]cocaine binding to rat striatal tissue and to inhibit [3H]DA uptake into rat striatal synaptosomes. In this series of compounds, the length of the spacer between the aryl group and the tropane skeleton ranged from 1 to 4 bond distances, and conformational flexibility of the linkage and orientation of the aryl ring system were controlled by various types of linkages. The most potent of the analogues was methyl-(1R-2-exo-3-exo)-8-methyl-3-(beta-styrenyl)-8-azabicyclo[3. 2.1] octane-2-carboxylate. One of the less potent compounds was found to inhibit [3H]cocaine binding and [3H]DA uptake with significantly different IC50 values, in contrast to 14 other 3 beta-substituted analogues. Molecular modeling and CoMFA analysis were used to obtain a rigorous structure-function relationship for the studied compounds. The results showed that the potencies of these 3 beta-substituted ecgonine methyl esters were dominated by steric effects and were acutely sensitive to the distance between the aryl ring and the tropane skeleton and to the orientation of the aryl ring system relative to the tropane skeleton. The current study provides a clearer picture of the shape and size of the putative hydrophobic binding pocket for the 3 beta substituent at the cocaine receptor as well as emphasizing the importance of a drug's free energy of solvation in obtaining structure-activity relationships.