Recently, high-resolution paleoclimate study is a hotspot in the global change researches. With the improvement of stable isotope theory and the rapid development of analysis and testing techniques,δ18O of sediments has become a significant proxy of environment, which has attracted the world's attention. The authors expound the application of oxygen isotope to the studies of ice cores, loess-paleosol and cave sediments, and point out its influencing factors as well as direction and problems of the application.