High-energy-density aqueous magnesium metal battery textiles enable ultrasensitive pressure sensing across −40° to 100°C

Smart wearable sensing systems necessitate self-powered, high-sensitivity pressure sensors that can operate efficiently across a wide temperature range. Here, we present a high-energy-density aqueous magnesium metal battery (AMMB) textile for ultrasensitive pressure sensing from -40° to 100°C. The AMMB-type pressure (AMMB-P) sensing textile features a porous quasi-solid-state polyethylene oxide-magnesium chloride electrolyte that inhibits magnesium corrosion via hydrogen-bond anchoring, paired with a breathable carbon cloth cathode and woven magnesium anode. The innovative design achieves an ultrahigh sensitivity of 687.32 millivolts per kilopascal, a low detection limit (0.96 pascals), long-term durability (200,000 cycles), and exceptional breathability (water vapor permeability, 2281.4 ± 249.8 grams per square meter per day; air permeability, 628.0 ± 9.1 millimeters per second). The unique anticrystallization properties of electrolyte ensure a stable operation of the AMMB-P sensing textile in extreme temperatures ranging from -40° to 100°C. Under high-pressure condition, our AMMB-P sensing textile can be converted into a reliable power source with high energy density of 287.92 watt-hours per kilogram, ensuring stable self-powered operation. Coupled with machine learning, the AMMB-P sensing array enables intelligent object recognition and autonomous robotic control even under harsh conditions. Our work advances self-powered pressure-sensing textiles tailored for extreme-environment exploration, enabling interactive perception in humanoid robots and individual health management under harsh service conditions.