A 129 dB Dynamic Range Triple Readout CMOS Image Sensor with FWC Enhancement Technology

A 3840×2160 CMOS image sensor with a 2.1 μm pixel pitch achieves 129 dB single-exposure dynamic range (SEDR) at 85 °C and 29 dB junction SNR at 105° C using only triple readout signals. The sensor employs sub-pixel architecture enhanced with full-depth deep-trench isolation, p-type conformal doping, and 3D-MIM technology. These innovations substantially increase full-well capacity while maintaining excellent linearity. The proposed design reduces power consumption and improves operational speed, making it well-suited for automotive applications requiring high dynamic range imaging under high temperature conditions.