[Evidence-based standardized diagnosis and treatment of small gastrointestinal stromal tumors].

The actual incidence of small gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) increases gradually. Although the biological behavior of most of small GIST is benign or indolent, a few small GIST can develope to recurrence and metastasis with biological invasive behavior. Identification of biological behavior and malignant potential is the cornerstone of treatment. For non-gastric small GIST, surgery is always the treatment of choice. Regarding gastric small GIST, close follow-up is acceptable for patients without risk factors detected by endoscopic ultrasonography. Surgery should be suggested for those with high risks, or significant growth of tumor during follow-up. Complete resection with function preservation is the principle of surgery. Besides, individualized treatment should also be taken into consideration.小胃肠间质瘤（小GIST，肿瘤直径<2 cm）检出率逐渐增多。尽管大多数小GIST在临床上呈良性或惰性表现，但确有少数病例显示出侵袭性行为，甚至可能伴随复发转移。鉴别小GIST的生物学行为和恶性潜能，是规范化治疗GIST的前提。对于非胃来源小GIST，一经发现即建议切除治疗；对于胃小GIST，在没有超声内镜提示高危因素的条件下，可以选择密切随访观察；若超声内镜提示有高危因素或随访过程中直径增大者，建议切除治疗。在完整切除的基础上，尽可能地保留功能，仍然是小GIST的治疗原则。在此基础上，需谨慎地选择个体化的治疗策略。.