Non‐selective beta‐blocker use in cirrhotic patients is associated with a reduced likelihood of hospitalisation for infection

Summary Background Non‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBBs) reduce enteric bacterial translocation rates and the frequency of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in animal models. Aim To evaluate the effect of NSBBs on infection‐related admissions. Methods We performed a case‐control study of cirrhotic patients' first in‐patient admission between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. We examined NSBB use and the development of infection. We performed a propensity score‐matched analysis in those with NSBB use vs no use and calculated odds ratios on this matched cohort to determine the odds of outcomes based on NSBB use. Results We identified 2165 cirrhotic patients who met our inclusion criteria. Most patients were Caucasian (69%), male (62%). Admission Model for End stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Charlson comorbidity index and Child‐Pugh score were 12 ± 1, 4 ± 2, and 8 ± 2, respectively. Ascites was the most common complication of portal hypertension (44%); 23% of patients used NSBBs at home. Infections occurred in 33% of admissions. In the propensity score‐matched cohort, the use of NSBBs at home was associated with lower overall, and specific, infections. The effect was similar in patients taking NSBBs for either primary or secondary oesophageal variceal prophylaxis and for those on NSBBs for other indications. Patients not on NSBBs had higher odds of infection (OR = 2.5), SBP (OR = 4.0), and bacteraemia (OR = 6.0). Conclusion Home use of NSBBs by patients with cirrhosis was associated with fewer infection‐related admissions. The data suggest that NSBBs in this group of patients reduce the risk of infection.