Skin Aging, Glycation and Glycation Inhibitors

Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins occurs in intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Proteins such as collagen and elastin are particularly susceptible to AGE modification. Glycated collagen is cross-linked, stiff, difficult to repair and remove from tissues. Sun exposure exacerbates glycation resulting in AGE modification of elastin which has been identified in areas of actinic elastosis. In addition, AGEs have direct effects on tissue and interact with receptors for AGEs (RAGE) increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. The use of nutritional antioxidants and cosmeceuticals that inhibit glycation will be discussed as a strategy to prevent AGE formation and ultimately skin aging.