Biocompatible Collagen Films as Substrates for Flexible Implantable Electronics

Collagen, which is the most abundant protein in mammals, is demonstrated as a substrate for flexible implantable electronics. Using electron beam deposition, devices are fabricated on transparent collagen type I films. Several applications, including a strain gauge, a wireless antenna, a heater, and a temperature sensor, are demonstrated, showcasing the promising future applications of this substrate for implantable biomedical devices for monitoring of physiological environment.