A comparison between size dependent paraelectric and ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticle doped nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystals

The electro-optic and dielectric properties of barium titanate, BaTiO3, and nanoparticle (NP) doped nematic and ferroelectric liquid crystal materials were examined with respect to different size and concentrations of the NPs. Smaller size paraelectric NPs (≈80 nm) are compared to larger, ferroelectric NPs (≈240 nm). It is found that for concentrations larger than 0.5 vol. %, the ferroelectric NPs exhibit an increasing effect on the electro-optic response of the nematic liquid crystal, which is demonstrated by the enhancement of the dielectric anisotropy. This could be induced by the coupling of the electrical dipole moments in the spherical NPs with the LC director field. The electro-optical properties of the SmC* phase, such as the tilt angle Θ, switching time τs, and spontaneous polarisation Ps, are found to be independent of the concentration and size of the NPs. The rotational viscosity η calculated from response times, polarization reversal current, and dielectric properties is comparable for all three methods employed and practically independent of particle concentration and size. The relaxation frequency fR of the Goldstone mode is higher in the ferroelectric NPs suspensions of 2.0 vol. % as compared to the smaller paraelectric NPs.