Recent research progress of carbon-based and their composites for electromagnetic waves absorption

With the rapid development of electromagnetic (EM) technology and the wide application of mobile electromagnetic equipment, electromagnetic radiation pollution is increasingly aggravated, electromagnetic pollution has become another pollution source after air, water, and noise pollution, so electromagnetic protection for civil and military is of great significance. As the functional medium of electromagnetic energy sustainable transformation, microwave absorption (MA) materials are widely used in electromagnetic pollution prevention and control. Carbon-based materials have the advantages of low density, light weight, good electrical conductivity, good physical and chemical stability, etc., which can be combined with magnetic loss type, dielectric loss type, and multi-component to improve the absorbing performance. According to the dimensions, carbon-based materials can be divided into zero-dimensional (carbon spheres), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), two-dimensional (graphene), and three-dimensional (porous carbon) carbon materials. This paper briefly introduces the mechanism of microwave absorption and its performance evaluation index. Then, the research status of carbon materials with different dimensions is introduced. Then the application and research progress of carbon matrix composites in electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorption are reviewed. Finally, the future development prospect of carbon-based absorbing materials has been prospected.