Research Progress of Pectin Methylesterase and its Inhibitors

As an important pectin enzyme, pectin methylesterase (PME) can hydrolyze methyl esters, release methanol and reduce esterification. It is essential in regulating pollen tube development, root extension, and fruit ripening. Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEI) can specifically bind PME and inhibit its activity, which jointly determines the esterification degree of pectin. PMEI has important application prospects in plant pest control, fruits and vegetable processing fields. In this paper, the gene families, crystal structures, molecular recognition, and applications in plants and industry are reviewed for the PME and PMEI systems. Finally, the semi-rational design of PMEI is discussed and discussed prospected.