Artificial intelligence innovation in healthcare: Literature review, exploratory analysis, and future research

Artificial intelligence (AI) innovation in healthcare has emerged as an increasingly significant area of research. AI, digital data collection, and computer infrastructure advancements have empowered humans to address complex healthcare challenges. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of peer-reviewed journal articles at the intersection of AI, innovation, and healthcare to offer research directions for scholars and leaders in healthcare management. To achieve this, the systematic review identified and analyzed 378 published studies on AI innovation in healthcare. Evaluating these publications based on inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 75 studies ultimately selected for comprehensive analysis. This research adds to the scope of previous investigations by aiming to 1) emphasize the most crucial AI-based healthcare applications, 2) explore challenges associated with AI integration in healthcare, and 3) examine student adoption and incorporation of AI into existing healthcare curricula. We also conducted an exploratory study of over 2700 AI-enabled healthcare startups worldwide to supplement our literature review. The SLR reveals several gaps within the research scope and proposes corresponding future research directions. These future research directions will assist researchers and enable healthcare professionals to develop legislation that accelerates the adoption of AI solutions in healthcare, ultimately enhancing public access to efficient and effective healthcare services.