Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles for screening inhibitors from coffee

In this study, a ligand fishing method was developed to screen potential indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors from coffee extracts by immobilization of IDO1 enzyme on amino-modified magnetic nanoparticles combined with UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Parameters including enzyme concentration, immobilization time, the pH of glutaraldehyde and the amount of magnetic nanoparticles were optimized. The results indicated that immobilized IDO1 could be reused 5 times and was stable during storage for 7 days. Several IDO1 ligands were captured by incubating immobilized IDO1 with coffee extract, of which 10 showed an obvious difference comparing to non-conjugated bare nanoparticles. In vitro inhibitory activity was further performed by CE analysis, in which ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid had better IDO1 inhibitory activity, with IC50 value of 113.7 μM and 307.5 μM. These results demonstrate that this method provides an effective platform for identifying and screening IDO1 inhibitors from natural products.