Determination of the Orientation of Polar Molecules C60F18/Au(111) by Energy-Resolved X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

A submonolayer film of fullerene fluoride C60F18 on the surface of an Au(111) single crystal has been analyzed by excitation-energy-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An analysis of the experimental data according to the model taking into account the photoelectron escape depth from the sample makes it possible to identify the orientation of C60F18 dipole molecules with respect to the substrate surface.