3D Printed Conducting Polymers for Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells

3D printing technology offers an innovative approach to manufacturing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), enabling the production of cells with exceptional precision, accuracy, and control over the morphology of their components. The manufacturing process of PSCs involves depositing multiple layers onto a substrate, with each layer contributing to the absorption, transport, and extraction of charge carriers. Leveraging 3D printing, various techniques such as blade coating, slot-die coating, and inkjet printing can be employed to deposit these layers. The utilization of perovskite materials in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has generated significant interest due to their numerous advantages. Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, offering precise spectral line widths, enhanced quantum yield, and the capability to manipulate band gaps by adjusting composition and size. 3D printing can facilitate the deposition of these layers in PeLEDs, further expanding the possibilities for their development. One crucial aspect for successful 3D printing of PSCs and PeLEDs lies in the formulation of stable conductive polymer inks. By addressing challenges such as ion migration, defect density, and phase segregation in the perovskite layer, the development of stable conductive polymer ink formulations holds the potential to improve the overall stability and performance of these perovskite optoelectronic devices.