Essential Oil From the Wood of Clarissa racemosa: Chemical Characterization, In Vitro Evaluation of Biological Activities, a Promising Phytopharmaceutical

ABSTRACT This study characterized the essential oil from Clarisia racemosa wood and assessed its biological properties. The extraction yield was 0.41 ± 0.01% (w/w), with GC–MS analysis identifying 35 components dominated by piperitone (41.28%), [ E ]‐ethyl cinnamate (15.09%), and camphor (14.56%). In silico analyses predicted good pharmaceutical properties, including high intestinal absorption (> 90%). Antioxidant tests revealed low radical scavenging activity (IC 50 > 700 µg/mL). The oil exhibited low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells (IC 50 ≥ 437 µg/mL) and minimal hemolysis (< 5%). It demonstrated significant antiparasitic activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC 50 = 85–97 µg/mL) and Trypanosoma cruzi (IC 50 = 75–93 µg/mL), moderate effects against Plasmodium falciparum , and schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni , showing favorable selectivity (up to 11.7). Antimicrobial effects were limited. Immunologically, the oil mildly modulated immune responses, increasing IL‐4 and IL‐10, reducing nitric oxide, and moderately raising ROS and mitochondrial potential. Thus, C. racemosa oil is a promising multi‐target candidate with antiparasitic, immunomodulatory properties, and low toxicity, promoting sustainable utilization within Amazonian bioeconomy strategies.