Metal‐Organic Framework Embedded Electrospun Fibrous Membranes‐Based Hybrid Nanogenerators with Hierarchical Modified Polyamide Films for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and IoT Applications

Abstract In this report, a hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) that integrates a metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐loaded electrospun fibrous film with a hierarchically modified nylon (HMN) film is developed. The electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix embedded with zinc‐MOF forms a high‐performance triboelectric negative layer, while the HMN, with its micropatterns and pores, serves as the positive counterpart, significantly increasing surface area and boosting charge generation. By optimizing the MOF loading concentration in the PVDF film, the electrical performance of the device is greatly enhanced, yielding a voltage output of ≈402 V, a current of ≈18 µA, and a charge density of ≈240 µC m − 2 . The HNG's excellent performance is further explored in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, with a focus on smart automotive systems. When integrated into car seats, the HNG successfully acquires real‐time pressure distribution data, enabling the monitoring of occupant posture and seating position. These data can be used to train artificial intelligence models for adaptive airbag deployment, offering enhanced safety during emergencies. The high sensitivity of the HNG to low‐frequency stimuli demonstrates its potential for next‐generation applications in automobile safety systems and wearable motion‐sensing devices. This innovative design, by combining advanced materials and optimized structures, offers a promising approach to self‐powered systems with applications in smart vehicles, IoT, and human‐machine interaction.