Advancements and challenges in tidal stream and oceanic current turbines: an overview of current technologies and future prospects

Abstract Tidal power harnesses the predictable movement of ocean tides, offering a reliable source of renewable energy that can significantly contribute to global electricity generation. This paper reviews the primary approaches adopted in tidal energy, including tidal stream generators, tidal barrages, and dynamic tidal power systems. It discusses the operational principles and historical significance in detail. In addition, the paper explores both the similarities and distinctions between tidal stream generators and ocean current turbines. It emphasizes the shared operational principles and design features while also highlighting key differences in their applications and performance characteristics. Recent advancements in turbine technology, particularly in axial-flow and cross-flow designs, have been explored in terms of enhancing efficiency and reducing costs. Despite its advantages, tidal energy faces challenges such as high capital expenditures, environmental impacts, and limited suitable deployment sites. The system advisor model (SAM) is introduced as a tool for simulating the performance and economic viability of tidal energy systems, which facilitates decision-making for project developers. The paper concludes that while tidal power holds considerable promise, further research is crucial for overcoming existing barriers and realizing its full potential in the renewable energy landscape.