Strontium-loaded multifunctional gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels for type-H vascularized bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions

, and encapsulated the surface-modified Sr-LDH into QK peptide-incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) to form a composite hydrogel GelMA-QK/Sr-LDH@PDA (GLQ). This multifunctional hydrogel integrated the osteogenic and antiresorptive properties of Sr-LDH, exhibited significant bone regeneration efficacy under osteoporotic conditions. Furthermore, our study found that GLQ could stimulate bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs) proliferation and preserve pOCs while suppress OC maturation, which further facilitated the expression of PDGF-BB and promoted type-H vessels development in the bone defect area. Taken together, the multifunctional composite hydrogel holds significant clinical implications for future treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.