Deformation of magnetic skyrmion due to skyrmion–skyrmion interaction

Abstract Understanding skyrmion–skyrmion interactions and their dynamical effects is crucial for skyrmion-based applications. In this article, we investigate the deformation of skyrmions induced by the inter-skyrmion interaction in both static and dynamic scenarios for a two-skyrmion system. In the static case under a pinning magnetic field, the inter-skyrmion interaction energy decreases rapidly with increasing separation between the skyrmions, while their individual sizes grow. The semiaxis ratio of the elliptical skyrmion exhibits non-monotonic behavior, owing to the competition between skyrmion–skyrmion interactions and pinning effects. In dynamic simulations after removing the external pinning field, the two skyrmions spiral away from each other with increasing separation. Following a rapid relaxation period after magnetic field withdrawal, their semiaxis ratio typically increases with distance and the skyrmions gradually approach a perfect circular shape. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior and interactions of two-skyrmion systems.