Effectiveness of Muscle Energy and Joint Mobilisation Techniques on Range of Motion, Pain and Functional Ability in Adults With Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Background This investigation assessed the effectiveness of muscle energy and joint mobilisation techniques on range of motion, pain and functional ability in adults with frozen shoulder. Methods Relevant RCTs from a 10‐year period, or from 2013 to September 28, 2023, were looked for in databases including PubMed, PEDro, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and a third reviewer intervened to resolve the conflict. Risk of Bias assessment was done by the PEDro scale and the certainty of evidence was checked using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation at three time points. The final articles were systematically summarised. Results A total of 9 studies comprising 439 subjects were selected for data extraction. Overall joint mobilisation technique and muscle energy technique both tended to be more effective than conservative management but there was a low to very low level of certainty for the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and joint mobilisation technique for frozen shoulder at short term, medium term and long‐term time points. Conclusion This review indicates that current evidence for managing frozen shoulder with joint mobilisation and muscle energy techniques is limited and of low quality. However, positive outcomes in most studies suggest potential benefits in pain relief, range of motion, and function, suggesting they could be useful adjuncts to conventional treatment.