Laser-based repair of pinhole-induced degradation in perovskite solar cells

Abstract Pinhole-induced degradation is a critical concern affecting perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance and stability, as pinholes can transform into current leakage paths causing significant power loss. This study demonstrates an effective laser-based repair technique using model experiments with intentionally formed pinholes in the perovskite layer. The method involves direct laser irradiation to completely remove all layers within the pinhole, thereby electrically isolating it. This repair successfully restores device performance with only a minimal loss of the power-generating area. Furthermore, we show that device simulation can be used to enable rational judgment on the necessity of repair by comparing the benefit of blocking the leakage path against the loss in active area. This practical laser-based approach offers a promising strategy for enhancing the manufacturing yield and long-term durability of PSCs.